Case Reports
15 October 2024
Vol. 17 No. 1 (2025)
Isolated cutaneous myeloid sarcoma preceding acute myeloid leukemia: a case report and literature review
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
844
Views
485
Downloads
75
HTML
Authors
Isolated cutaneous myeloid sarcoma (icMS) and aleukemic leukemia cutis (ALC) are cutaneous extramedullary manifestations of leukemia in which leukemic cells infiltrate the skin before they can be identified either in the peripheral blood or in the bone marrow. We report the case of a 67-year-old patient who presented with a rapidly developing cutaneous tumor and scaly, erythematous- squamous plaques. Isolated cutaneous myeloid sarcoma was diagnosed, which rapidly progressed to terminal-stage acute myeloid leukemia (AML). To highlight the disease characteristics of the adult-onset icMS and ALC cases that preceded AML, we additionally compiled the pertinent literature of case reports of these rare conditions. We identified 15 previously published icMS/ALC cases with adequately detailed clinical data descriptions. We could confirm medical experience that icMS/ALC patients have a worse overall prognosis. Moreover, we could identify FAB-M5 AML subtype as a significant adverse prognosticator in these patients.
Altmetrics
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
Citations
Shallis RM, Gale RP, Lazarus HM, et al. Myeloid sarcoma, chloroma, or extramedullary acute myeloid leukemia tumor: a tale of misnomers, controversy and the unresolved. Blood Rev 2021;47:100773. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.blre.2020.100773
Bakst R, Powers A, Yahalom J. Diagnostic and therapeutic considerations for extramedullary leukemia. Curr Oncol Rep 2020;22:75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11912-020-00919-6
Loscocco GG, Vannucchi AM. Myeloid sarcoma: more and less than a distinct entity. Ann Hematol 2023;102:1973-84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00277-023-05288-1
Khoury JD, Solary E, Abla O, et al. The 5th edition of the World Health Organization classification of haematolymphoid tumours: myeloid and histiocytic/dendritic neoplasms. Leukemia 2022;36:1703-19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41375-022-01613-1
Shahjahani M, Hadad EH, Azizidoost S, et al. Complex karyotype in myelodysplastic syndromes: diagnostic procedure and prognostic susceptibility. Oncol Rev 2019;13:389. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4081/oncol.2019.389
Azari-Yaam A, Safavi M, Ghanadan A. Aleukemia cutis: clinicopathological and molecular investigation of two cases. J Cutan Pathol 2020;47:747-54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/cup.13690
Barzilai A, Lyakhovitsky A, Goldberg I, et al. Aleukemic monocytic leukemia cutis. Cutis 2002;69:301-4.
Benez A, Metzger S, Metzler G, Fierlbeck G. Aleukemic leukemia cutis presenting as benign-appearing exanthema. Acta Derm Venereol 2001;81:45-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/000155501750208191
Breccia M, Mandelli F, Petti MC, et al. Clinico-pathological characteristics of myeloid sarcoma at diagnosis and during follow-up: report of 12 cases from a single institution. Leuk Res 2004;28:1165-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leukres.2004.01.022
De Coninck A, De Hou MF, Peters O, et al. Aleukemic leukemia cutis. An unusual presentation of acute myelomonocytic leukemia. Dermatologica 1986;172:272-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000249354
Di Palma S, Feudale E. Granulocytic sarcoma with myxoid stroma. Report of a case. Tumori 1993;79:71-3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/030089169307900115
Gil-Mateo MP, Miquel FJ, Piris MA, et al. Aleukemic “leukemia cutis” of monocytic lineage. J Am Acad Dermatol 1997;36:837-40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0190-9622(97)70035-5
Hainsworth JD, Greco FA. Unrecognized leukemia cutis. South Med J 1987;80:663-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00007611-198705000-00030
Iitani MM, Abe R, Yanagi T, et al. Aleukemic leukemia cutis with extensive bone involvement. J Am Acad Dermatol 2010;63:539-41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2009.05.040
Mansoor S, Din N, Azam M, Jamshed A. Generalized cutaneous granulocytic sarcoma with joint involvement. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2010;20:339-40.
Narváez-Moreno B, Pereyra-Rodríguez JJ, Pulpillo-Ruiz A, et al. Acute myeloid leukemia 7 years after aleukemic leukemia cutis. Int J Dermatol 2015;54:459-61. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ijd.12024
Rallis E, Stavropoulou E, Michalakeas I, et al. Monoblastic sarcoma cutis preceding acute monoblastic leukemia. Am J Hematol 2009;84:590-1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajh.21326
Takahashi A, Nakajima K, Togitani K, et al. Spontaneous remission of aleukemic cutaneous myeloid sarcoma followed by crisis of acute monoblastic leukemia. J Dermatol 2016;43:452-3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1346-8138.13202
Wilkins R, Janes S. Aleukaemic leukaemia cutis: case report and review of the literature. Clin Lab Haematol 2004;26:73-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0141-9854.2003.00582.x
Canaani J, Beohou E, Labopin M, et al. Impact of FAB classification on predicting outcome in acute myeloid leukemia, not otherwise specified, patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation in CR1: an analysis of 1690 patients from the acute leukemia working party of EBMT. Am J Hematol 2017;92:344-50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajh.24640
How to Cite
Isolated cutaneous myeloid sarcoma preceding acute myeloid leukemia: a case report and literature review. (2024). Dermatology Reports, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.4081/dr.2024.10013
Copyright (c) 2024 the Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
