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7 February 2025
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The tongue: a bridge between physiology and disorder
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All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
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The tongue, as a multifunctional organ, exhibits a variety of physiological characteristics as well as pathological alterations. Identifying and understanding these variations is crucial for ensuring an accurate diagnosis and appropriate management. This article explores the main common physiological variations, such as geographic tongue, fissured tongue, etc., as well as pathological conditions, including elementary lesions such as vesicles, bullae, erosions, ulcers, plaques, as well as surface changes (atrophy), color changes (coatings, pigmentation), or even shape alterations (infiltrations). It discusses current diagnostic tools and therapeutic approaches while emphasizing the importance of regular monitoring to prevent complications and maintain optimal oral health.
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How to Cite
The tongue: a bridge between physiology and disorder. (2025). Dermatology Reports. https://doi.org/10.4081/dr.2025.10262
Copyright (c) 2025 the Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
